My hypothesis did prove to be correct about the tea cup being imported from England and most likely belonging to wealthy colonial household who could afford the luxury of owning it. From the module, it was stated that the English actually prohibited the colonists from making certain goods. This set had to have passed through England as it was imported. The English had to have charged the colonists who purchased it taxes. This porcelain could have been manufactured in the English porcelain factories and sent to the colonies. By forbidding the colonists to manufacture certain goods, the English controlled them economically and forced them to dependent on Great Britain. The type of porcelain pictured in the photo was prevalent in the wealthier colonial households from the 1750s and 1770s. The colonies provided Great Britain with raw materials for the manufacture of goods.
The clay used in the production of the Bow porcelain was imported from Franklin County, North Carolina beginning in 1743 when a patent for a porcelain recipe called for the usage of this clay called "unaker". A shipment of twenty-nine tons of this so-called Cherokee clay from this region of North Carolina arrived in London in the years of 1743 and 1744, demonstrating the need of English for natural resources to produce goods.

In order to better comprehend the causes of the American Revolution, I would like to examine different primary resources from people who were present at the various events that led up to the war. I would like to look at the perspectives of people who were of different political affiliations and socioeconomic groups. I feel that examining the perspectives of different people would aid me in better comprehending the causes of the conflict.

My original thoughts were somewhat on track. The instant coffee was a creation of necessity with the war effort of the World War. We take it for granted as being something that is commonplace in our homes, but we don't think about the necessity that caused the invention of these products. The preservation of food products was revolutionized during the war to aid our soldiers and ended up being passed onto the American consumer after the goods were no longer needed for the war effort.
We still utilize these products such as Spam and Nescafe in our homes, as these advances were passed onto us. Food is still preserved in this manner with the cans, the usage of dried materials, and dehydrated foods that have longer shelf-lives.
The technology employed in these food producing methods has been refined in the years since the wars, and we are still continuing to benefit from the convenience of these products in our busy lives. As a working mother, do I have time to make a cake from scratch? No, but Pillsbury cake mix can help me make it seem as though I had!

The convenience of products in the household are still advertised toward women, as we are still viewed as the others who complete most of the domestic duties in households. In the laundry detergent and vacuum cleaner commercials, women are always depicted. In fact with the working woman, many of our partners now shoulder part of the household duties. As I type this, my husband is currently washing a load of our sons' clothing for the upcoming week. They were trying to convince women to purchase these new products for convenience in housekeeping and homemaking duties, whereas today's woman needs no convincing to go with a product that offers convenience. The traditional roles of yesteryear had women as homemakers, not working outside of the home. Those women believed that others who purchased the instant products were lazy or sloppy according to the survey that that they were given. Today, most of my female peers do work outside of the home. We simply do not have the time to make elaborate meals, etc.while serving as financial providers for our families.

The shoes are significant in explaining how the government's relationship with the citizens began to shift during this Civil War. The federal government had to depend on small businesses to provide the goods necessary to equip the army during this time. The demand for items such as shoes caused the manufacturing industry to be revolutionized, but not quickly enough to well-equip the army, particularly in the less industrialized South. The government had to charge an income tax eventually to assist in raising much needed funds.
The shoes were of great importance as well because if one had shoes then he or she could travel to assist with the war effort. Toward the end of the end of the war, shoes became in even higher demand when materials to make them became scarce.

The resources that I would utilize to depict the changing relationship between the government and its citizens during the Civil War would be documents depicting additional government requests for merchants to make supplies, a sample of the currency that was backed by neither the silver nor the gold, and a document explaining the new income tax (a tax that our students have always known about due to their parents having to pay it). I like the idea of introducing an object, much like the shoes at the beginning of this module, to begin discussions about how the government's relationship to the citizens began to change during this time.

This boundary stone represents the struggle of the young nation with the concept of slavery. This stone serves as a tangible reminder of the division created over this terrible institution. When Alexandria was returned to Virginia, it was done so to permit the Virginian slave trade to continue utilizing the port there without being in violation of the order that it would not occur in the Nation's Capital itself. The slave trade grew as slave holders began sending their surplus workers to Alexandria to be sold at firms such as Franklin and Armfield. The economy of Alexandria depended on the export and sale of other goods, but their role in the slave trade proved to be the most lucrative.
The rock is a physical boundary, but the continuation of the usage of slave labor in the capital for construction projects as well as in households shows that this boundary was outright ignored. The painting done by Eastman Johnson depicts the attitudes of many citizens in the city at that time. They knew that slavery was still in existence there, but they chose not to address the practices that were still continuing.
In our current time, we are still fighting to ensure the equal rights of everyone. We have laws in place to combat this discrimination, but we are still in the midst of this battle. We need to be unmoved like this stone, not a bystander like the woman in the painting.

As I teach Virginia History to Fourth Graders, I think that when we discuss borders, we are discussing them in regards to them lands of the colonists versus those belonging to the Native Americans. We discuss how lands were unfairly seized from them. In addition, we discuss the formation of West Virginia during the Civil War as well as the formation of other states from land originally belonging to the Virginia territory. We utilize copies of maps to assist us in these units.

With the postal service sending out information to citizens about the abolitionists' movement in the South, one can clearly see the importance of spreading such information to campaign for human rights. I love how the postal service was employed in spreading the propaganda to Southern states where the abolishing of slavery was opposed by landowners who held many persons in servitude. The word was being spread, despite the obstacles.
The Founding Fathers had struggled with the concept of the institution of slavery, choosing not to include the word in historical documents, a subtle nod to the fact that they were hoping that the issue of slavery would be resolved by later generations. I had previously never heard Jefferson's quote that likened slavery to a man holding a wolf by the ears, not really wanting to do such a thing, but fearful of the consequences if he let it go. I cannot fathom Jefferson's personal views on this topic as History has proven that he had children who were slaves. I am certain that this deepened his difficulty of reconciling the existence of such a horrid institution. In his will, Jefferson freed 5 of the slaves at Monticello, two of his sons, Sally Hemings's nephews Joe Fossett and Burwell Colbert, and her half-brother John Hemings. Sally herself was never formally freed by Jefferson but did leave Monticello with her sons. Jefferson sent his daughters away from Monticello at the age of 21 with $50.00 for their journeys according to a Wikipedia article. I cannot imagine living in a society where I could not publicly acknowledge the existence of my sons and was forced to send them away.
The grass-roots movements for social equality are still utilizing mass communication such as the mail system today. Black Lives Matter and other social movements are using social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram to get their messages out to the public.

I had absolutely no idea that there was a campaign through the mail to educate people on the evils of slavery. How awesome is that! They were still getting their message to parts of the deep South by utilizing a secret weapon: the postal service. I love this idea. In an age where there a campaigns on social media platforms, emails been sent, and websites being created, I am thrilled to have learned where the idea of distributing to the public began.

The song is portraying America as the ¨melting pot¨, a place where many different cultures can come together to create a diverse populace, commonly referenced as the ¨Land of Opportunity¨. The harsh reality was, and still is, that only some are afforded this opportunity to succeed. We must work to remedy this situation today.
I find it appalling about the immigration laws that were passed in attempts to discriminate against those desiring to come from Asia. While this group was not the only group experiencing discrimination is some form, the Chinese Exclusion Act was targeting these people specifically. History seems to be repeating itself as there are talks of building a border wall. According to Forbes magazine, the rate of legal immigration to the United States has been reduced by 49%. The denial of highly skilled workers'applications has risen from 6% to 30% from fiscal year 2015 to fiscal year 2020, according to this source.
Our economy depends on all types of workers, skilled and unskilled, to flourish. When the immigrants came to the United States, they sought employment and a better opportunity for their families, but many were forced to work in frighteningly dangerous situations or at jobs that they were overqualified for. For instance, my great-great grandfather was educated at Cambridge. He was so proud of this accomplishment that he even had it engraved on his headstone per his request! He was forced to work in factory as a machinist despite his education because he was an immigrant.
Women and children in these immigrant families often had to be employed to support themselves. I cannot believe that child labor was still a practice a little over a century ago. These women and children were often in treacherous conditions like the Triangle Shirtwaist Company or the coal mines. Thankfully, the 20th century saw reforms for worker safety and the laws prohibiting child labor.
America is the land of diversity. We need to embrace our differences and learn from each other. Immigrants had much to offer our nation then, as well as in the present day.

I have had the opportunity to read some of the patent documents that my great-great grandfather wrote, but how awesome would it have been had he had a journal to reveal his first-hand accounts of events, including his arrival at Ellis Island! I think that reading the legal documents pertaining to immigration laws of the past would be valuable, but the primary resources of peopleś journeys and life here in the States after living abroad would be captivating.

Speaking from as a member from a farming family, agriculture is still an incredibly labor-intensive economic endeavor. McCormick's reaper, much like the cotton gin, made the work of farming quicker and more efficient. The machinery being created would lead to the gathering of raw materials that could be utilized in the manufacturing of goods. By utilizing the teams of horses in pulling this machine, it increased the amount of land that farmers could use while decreasing their physical labor. The amount of wheat that they were able to harvest far surpassed that of generations before. Due to the efficiency of the reaper, a team of two men and a horse were able to gather an equivalent amount of wheat as twenty people had been able to previously by hand.
Laborers on the farm became displaced and had to seek employment elsewhere as they flocked to the cities to find work. As people traveled to the cities and goods became abundant enough to trade, railways, waterways, and roads were developed.

I would be interested in seeing the pamphlets that were created in trying to sell the modernized farming equipment, justifying why people should invest in it. My father-in-law worked as a John Deere dealer for over 50 years and kept many of the sales materials from over five decades. The machinery had evolved significantly as they developed more complex technology.

The dress shown here depicts a garment that could have been sewn on a sewing machine which allowed women to work outside of the homes as seamstresses using this technology. My mother was a seamstress at a local sewing factory before its close in the late 90s. This took many women out of their homes and away from their families, but it also encouraged independence as women began to experience life outside of those four walls.
The dress was considered to be fashionable at the time which encouraged women to obtain dresses that were of the latest style. This particular dress was white, which was considered to represent purity and its preservation.
As the mother of a child with special needs, I was extremely offended that some of these women believed that children would have ¨physical deformities that mirrored the emotional and spiritual deformities of the parents¨. While I agree with their views on reproductive rights and the cessation of prostitution, I cannot believe that they used this type of propaganda in their fight for their cause. The concept of eugenics was also mentioned in this module. Apparently, the concept of Eugenic Feminism emerged from the Suffrage Movement where some of the suffragettes argued that women were the ¨mothers of a race¨. The Famous Five was a group of women from Canada who advocated for this. One of the members, Nellie McClung, supported The Sexual Sterilization Act of 1928 that was created in Alberta, Canada to prevent people who were deemed ¨mentally disabled¨ from having children. The white dress was supposed to represent freedom and justice for women, but I view that differently after reading about the exploits of The Famous Five.
Upon further research online, I discovered that Susan B. Anthony, a hero of this movement, had made an extremely racist comment concerning the rights of voting African American men and Caucasian women, stating that the right to vote should be given to the ¨most intelligent and capable portion of women first¨. She made this comment to Frederick Douglass, famous abolitionist and fellow proponent for females to have the right to vote. I am literally shaking my head in disbelief.
This beautiful, seemingly simple white dress represents something that was far more complex than I envisioned: a fight for rights that was marred by ugly racism and eugenics. It makes me even more painfully aware that we cannot simply believe what we were taught or told, but that we must continuously seek knowledge. We must encourage our students to do the same.

would like to read first-hand accounts of the main leaders of the movement as well as those of women who participated in the marches, protests, etc. I would like to explore more of the posters and propaganda associated with this movement as I had never known the association with the eugenics movement until today. I am shocked and dismayed as a woman to know that people even attempted to use this as a way to sway public opinion. I also assumed that the Women's Suffrage Movement was filled with positivity as they advocated for equal rights, but I learned that there was a side of this issue that I had never been taught in traditional history classes.