Analyzing Objects

Porcelain

Musket Ball

Smallpox

Nail

Reaper

Shirtwaist

Transistor

Coffee

Record

Tire

Dishwasher

Dress

Stereograph

Stone

Mail

Shoe

Question 1:
I believe that historical thinking is using a set of skills to analyze, critique, review, research a piece of history to then decide and decipher what the piece is conveying.
Question 2:
You can help objects to encourage historical thinking by having students analyze the objects critically and thoroughly. Each student will have a different perception, a different take away from the object, a different meaning. This creates rich discussions in the classrooms.
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Module Id: 689
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Question 1:
I notice the shadows, the black and white of the photograph, the simplicity of the machines.
Question 2:
I believe this object might connect broader themes based on the designs of the machines, the possibility of the landing on the moon which happened during the Cold War era.
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Question 1:
This object looks like it is in a graveyard because of the wrought iron fence. It has words carved into it. It seems to have a type of flower growing in front of it. Or it may be a marker for an important event.
Question 2:
Looking at the stone itself, it seems to be an old type of stone, not like a finished face of the newer headstones. It may connect to broader themes as it represents an important part of a city.
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Question 1:
It is a can of coffee, Nescafe to be exact. It is from the Nestle company. It has Dextrose and Maltose in it to preserve it.
Question 2:
It is from a time period when canning and factories were in play. There are also common themes of being able to combine additives, you can use already made items to open the can (can opener).
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Question 1:
It looks like fine China, painted both inside and out, matching a set that is behind it. It looks handpainted, the gold looks like real gold. The circles are not identical, meaning that each piece is unique.
Question 2:
A time period in history would be able to be told by the cup and saucer. The artist could be told by the unique painting, the paint itself, the design could reveal what country this came from. Connections could be made what time in history this is from.
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Question 1: It is a very old bullet,maybe Revolutionary War or Civil War era.
Question 2:
It can be used to show the advancement of weaponry throughout the centuries. The bullet can be shown how it has been streamlined to cause more damage to the enemy.
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Question 1: This looks like a cell or a virus or an ameba. It is from under a microscope.
Question 2:
I believe this connects to a broader theme because it connects to the scientific era and the advent of the study of maybe immunity, disease prevention, antibiotics or the study of health in general.
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Question 1:
It is a record, After the patent office was established, it was made and it played on a phonograph.
Question 2:
It can connect to broader themes looking at the evolution of the phonograph and how the arts have evolved from the upper class to the middle and the access it has allowed people to have.
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Module Id: 1128
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Question 1:
These look like tires from the 1950's due to the width of the tire. It also looks like they had no idea what to do with tires from the fifties after they blew out, like they had no waste facilities for them yet.
Question 2:
It would connect to broader themes as the tire would have to be made wider to fit the newer model cars and the manufacturers would have to come up with some way to dispose of them in a eco friendly manner.
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Question 1: The nails are different sizes, lengths and some have points and some don't.
Question 2: The nails can possibly show the architecture of the ages.
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Question 1:
It is attached to the sink right underneath it. The utilities are old fashioned they are almost identical from the 1950's. There is a blender on the counter that looks very simple and old.
Question 2: This connects to history because it shows the evolution of kitchen mechanics.
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Question 1:
This shgirt has a Peter Pan collar, the buttons lookm like they are on the right side. it looks like a women's shirt based on the tapering of the waist. The cuffs are narrow and the buttons look like they are ivory.
Question 2:
The shirt does not look like it is as old fashioned as the 1800's but it may be.
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Question 1:
This looks like a piece of farm equipment from the 1800's that was used on plantations in the south. Maybe it was from the Civil War. It seems to be very simple.
Question 2:
I think that it may have been created to do farm work and reap the harvest easier.
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Question 1:
It was less formal than the earlier versions, not as fitted. It almost seems to look like something for a sporting event. I believe the sash on her says something like working or woman.
Question 2:
I believe that this is the era of women's right to vote and it is the beginning of women being able to start exerting their independence.
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Question 1:
At first glance, I thought it was a robot of some sort but now that I look at it closer, it is a magnifying lens of some kind.
Question 2: This is an evolution in mechanics.
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Question 1:
It is from The Civil War era as it was addressed from the Confederate States of America. The post office had been established as evidenced by the stamp.
Question 2:
This was the beginning of the Civil war and the use of the mail delivery to communicate back and forth about efforts of war. This is also the beginning of the modern-day post office.
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Question 1:
The object is a shoe but is hand-stitched. It is made of leather. It seems that there is a definite handiwork to this product.
Question 2: Does this look like it is a wartime article and maybe from the Civil war?
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Question 1:
Historical thinking is using a set of questions, critical thinking skills to determine the culture, value, time period of a piece of history.
Question 2:
There are many ways to use objects to encourage historical thinking. Teachers can emphasize the importance of history through the use of objects by; having students analyze the object, research its origin, describe its physical characteristics, and determine what culture it originated from. The active learning by students not only helps them remember history but makes the learning fun.
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Question 1:
The transistor connects to broader themes in US history as it relates to the technology era in US History. The transitory went from the models shown on the left to a more compact lightweight model and competition erupted over the decades.
Question 2:
I would like them to answer questions such as how did the models to the left evolve to the ones now? What were the components inside different? Who were the pioneers then and now?
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Question 1:
The border stone connects to broader themes as it could be related to other divisions we have encountered such as Civil Rights, abortion rights, rights to vote for women, legalization of drugs. The representation of the stone is not just about the division of state rights, but about citizens rights.
Question 2:
Students could explore the division over time as it pertained to the next amendments being created 14 and 15. They could then go into the rights of women to vote, or the Civil rights debate and the abolishment of Jim Crow laws. They could then move into the Cold War and the rights of people in Communist countries. There are so many links in history that could be integrated with this one example.
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Question 1:
You can connect to broader themes by investigating the impact of creating more instant foods in WWII vs what was used in WWI. There could be a comparison to how we used the K rations in WWII and what was used in Vietnam, the Korean War and Iraq. There could be a specific analysis fo the Nestle company itself in how they made instant coffee from what it was, to what it has become based on the reactions of consumers after the war until now and how their advertising has changed and who they now direct it to.
Question 2:
The limitations are that there were too many changes to women's roles during wartime. Women went to work while men were at war. They reversed roles. Advertising was directed at the traditional housewife, of which they were no longer. Once men returned home, were they seen as housewives anymore? The advertising may have been seen as something else. Someone that could sustain outside the home, provides for the house. Advertising in this era was two-fold, to help the war effort, stating that what was needed to conserve, to help the men overseas, to use as little as possible. Once the war was over, they had to go back to normal, yet also incorporate the "new" still. A very confusing time! Advertising did nothing but confuse them even more!
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Question 1:
Porcelain was in China and then traveled through trades. Each time it was introduced into a new area, it was soon reproduced. If it was authentic it was considered to be especially valuable.
Question 2:
I would like to know how many colonists were actually for the Revolution. Did all of them contribute to products being sent back to England? If so, then were taxes being paid equally by all or where they divided up by what was being produced by each person?
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Question 1:
The musket ball connects to other themes as it represents the advancements of technology in war. The bullets had to be altered to take out more people. There had to be a modernization in weaponry as the soldiers could not come up to their enemy within 40 feet and shoot. They had to be able to kill within long distances. The alteration of weapons had to be able to keep up with advancement by the other side. Whoever had the advantage was going to be the one that won. For the formal militia of the British, they often won due to their compact strategies of firing, their ability to cause terror when they were seen marching as one unit, unlike the guerilla tactics of the colonists, ill-timed and unorganized.
Question 2:
Journals of civilians, citizens from the home countries that had families serving in the wars and civilians in the war zones could be researched to find their feelings regarding armies and soldiers. There could be a comparison and contrast about the views of people with the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War.
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Question 1:
Smallpox connects to broader themes such as the plagues that have infected and brought down cultures. The process of vaccines and inoculations has been researched for centuries and this module shows how the public both rejoices and fears the effects of the medicine. The cartoon specifically shows the fears of what they believe will happen if they contract the cowpox virus, they will have cows.
Question 2:
The benefit of using disease as a lens is that you are seeing it through the eyes of research, specifically through the people that are advocating for the vaccine. They understand that there are going to be a large number of deaths, but they are for the good of the public. If viewing it as a drawback, you could use the researcher's attitude of death as a necessary part of research as apathetic like they don't care.
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Question 1:
Immigration brought with its different cultures, ways of thinking and people. The introduction of new Americans brought lifestyle changes and a blended living that had not been seen before.
Question 2:
The history of other countries' issues might be a good place to start. The push factors of the countries would be a reason that immigration began. Why would people leave their home countries to start in a place they had never been before, to cross oceans to begin somewhere strange and foreign? They had to really despise what what was going on to leave what they knew. A thorough understanding of the new American culture is needed to assess the pull factors that intrigued the immigration rise.
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Question 1:
The wartime effort halted the production of material items such as cars and swapped over to the production of tanks and weapons. The use of rubber to make tires for vehicles overseas as well as tanks were very important because we no longer could get our rubber from Asia as Japan had taken over various islands where we had received the raw rubber from and now Japan was our enemy. We had to run campaigns to convince at home Americans to convince them that they needed to join the war effort by rationing and not driving so we basically had them practicing the model of conservation.
Question 2:
We would need to ask the questions of who are we trying to get to support the war effort that feels like they can't? Women often felt like they could do little at the home front if they were not nurses and they were not employed at factories. The posters were aimed at making them feel included in the effort. Not excluded.
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Question 1:
The nail shows how it evolves over time to go from a hand made, primitive piece to a mass-produced connector. The housing industry changed with the evolution of the nail.
Question 2:
With the story of the nail, westward expansion was able to take place quicker than most thought. Settlers could go and put up houses quicker with the nails and prevent attacks from animals and other humans.
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Question 1:
The themes that I think the dishwasher connect to are getting women out into the open more. Take for example that women traditionally were in the kitchen, taking care of the food, cleaning and making sure that the family was taken care of. They were not given easy tasks or easier ways of doing tasks. At the time fo the Cold War, the presumption was that women after WWII had taken a much broader role in helping out at home and that did not change when men came back. They secured their independence in a sense.
Question 2:
The resources in this module have led me to understand how much roles had changed to accommodate the growing number of men aborad. I did not realize how many men left and what had to be done to take their place. The resources, especially the pictures really made the Cold War reality come alive, especially since it was not that long ago!
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Question 1:
The shirtwaist connects to broader themes as it shows the evolution of the women's place at work. No longer were they working in flouncy large hoop skirts. they were wearing shirts that were more tailored, easier to work in and that they could move in. This showed the evolution of their attitudes about work. Their attitudes also changed how they were treated. They did not believe they had to follow what their bosses said, they had the right to chose how they were treated, how many hours they had to work and what they were paid.
Question 2:
I would raise questions about child care? Who was taking care of kids while they were at work? How about injuries in the workplace. What happened if they were injured on the job. Were they allowed to collect money if they were injured? What happened if their husband was killed or they were killed, would there be compensation for their injuries?
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Question 1:
The reaper connects to broader themes as it shows how Americans had to devise machines that were able to process crops more efficiently. The process of planting was no longer limited to just small family farms, but broadening now to cites that were becoming commonplace before the Civil War.
Question 2:
Another source that might help explain how and why Americans changed was immigration. With the influx of new people into the nation, there were new techniques that were brought in and taught to people that had not been previously done before.
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Question 1:
The dress connects to broader themes as it shows the women transforming not only their physical attributes to achieve women's suffrage but also their intellectual attributes. I believe that the clothing is a symbol to release the tight bonds that restricted women to just standby and instead gave he power to go forward and demand what they wanted.
Question 2:
I would want to examine the feelings of the politicians and see what their point of view was. I feel like there are many untapped views that could have been brought to light when the suffrage moment started but like anything else, the people have chosen to have a voice were the only ones heard.
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Question 1:
The stereoscope connects to broader themes as it allowed Americans who could not travel to explore parts of the world that they would not have a chance to go to. They now could be exposed to areas and broaden their cultures as well as increase their understanding.
Question 2:
They could take a look at science and see the advances of the lens over the years, specifically with microscopes and see what it looks like with a change in biology or chemistry.
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Question 1:
Mail connected people to places and ideas that they were not exposed to previously. The spread of ideas and opinions helped to shape the Civil War long before the war broke out. The spread of the abolitionist's news spread nationally and the stories of slavery were able to connect people that had no slaves and did not know what the lives of slaves were like.
Question 2:
Through the abolitionists' newspapers that were able to be connected through the post offices, the news of the abolitionists' ideas was spread quickly. The tensions were built up long before the Civil war actually broke out. If the post offices had not participated in the distribution of materials then I don't foresee the strengthening of the anti-slavery position being as strong as it was.
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Question 1:
The shoe connects to broader themes as it illustrates the need for an expanding industry during wartime. the cobblers that had initially made such limited quantities now had to make hundreds of pairs of shoes. The federal government had to take a larger role in monitoring the quality of products that were used in war. the soldiers started to realize that they were not being glorified in war, they were being sacrificed.
Question 2:
You could use the books that were being written about the Civil War such as Gone With the Wind. Or you could use the pictures that were produced at the time so students could see the differences between the North and South.
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Title: Engaging Students
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would look at what I was teaching and bring in more primary sources. Students love to be able to see and feel more authentic pieces of history rather than have me teach at them. If they have the ability to be detectives of history and determine the outcome of the time period that they were studying.
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Title: Transitor
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would bring in transistors from all sorts of electronics, having students analyze the differences. They would have a compare/contrast chart. I would love for them to see the old transistors and see them in the old radios and how they are different from ones in IPODS and other music players. The could see the differences in technologies.
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Module Id: 1146
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Title: Stone Classroom Connections
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I live in Virginia and am but an hour away from Alexandria. I would take the students to see the stones and see what the actual stones look like. I want them to experience the feel of what Hamilton and Jefferson tried to lay down to represent the differing views of the groups. I would then tour the city and the Capitol and see the products of the labor that was brought into the city to create the lasting monuments of this country. I would do an If/Then activity that would tie what we know, see, and learned together. I believe my students would learn such much more from experiencing first hand and seeing, touching and experiencing the still existing pieces of history.
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Module Id: 1039
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Title: What are you advertising for?
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I'd like to have students research ads during all major wartimes/epidemics and see them find the target audiences. I want them to see how the advertisers build on morale, patriotism, and support of the cause vs everyday living. I would want them to see the link between the event and the advertisers. I believe that they will see the common connections of what happens when there is an outbreak of a flu virus and what amps up in terms of advertising. An example would be disinfectants, medicines, local drugstore ads when something like the Swine flu outbreak or during the Cold War bomb shelter manufacturing ads. The advertisers know where to target and who to target and students would find a time period and research ads for that specific time period and find the audience.
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Module Id: 1147
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Title: The value of things
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would have students pick aside from a random stack of cards. They would end up being a colonist merchant, a British soldier, a member of the monarchy, a colonist that does not produce anything, a British citizen, a Virginian tobacco farmer, an upper-class female in England, a female colonist in Massachusettes, Pennsylvania fisherman. From each of these descriptions, the student would have to determine what role they played in prior to the war breaking out. What did they do where they were located? Where they for taxes or aginst? Did they have a high standing in society or no? How could it be determined whether they were high class? The students would have to illustrate the person, determine their value, how could they be distinguished among others as having power or none.
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Title: Changes in Fighting over time
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I have always found it interesting to see the changes in the way that fighting has occurred in fighting over time. From the formal fighting in the Revolutionary War to the more strategic fighting in the Civil War to the guerrilla warfare in the Vietnam War, the students need to see how wartime has evolved over the years. The students need to see that the Revolutionary War was the start of the colonists beginning to understand that although they were so willing to drop their ancestral roots, there were benefits to learning from their "parents". I want the students to be able to see that based on the fighting and the losses and wins, they had learned something from them. Students in this module will work on comparisons of the battle from the British vs. the colonist's side. I want them to be able to see how they started to go from ragtag fighters to an organized army. I want them to learn how leadership changed them, but also how they were able to gain ideas form the British and incorporate them into their fighting.
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Title: Devastating Disesases
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would have students pick a plague/sickness/epidemic that had a massive impact on the population whether it be the world, on a specific culture or a specific area. They would have to find out about the disease/epidemic and find primary documents that illustrate the devastation and the impact of the disease. I would ask that they find first-person accounts of what the impact was on the body, such as journals or writings, interviews or witness accounts of what the disease did to the person, news accounts, newspapers accounts, clips, and put together a portfolio of the information relating together what the impact was on the culture.
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Module Id: 954
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Title: Immigration
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
Let's think about the harsh realities for the immigrants coming to the new nation. I would like to explore the poem to which the Statue of Liberty is associated, The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus "give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free" and have students identify parts of the immigration process that are either true or false using the poem as their guide. Can they find primary sources that show a picture of the "the tired, the poor, the huddled masses" on their way to Ellis Island on a boat? Can they identify that ethnic population? Can they follow that population into Ellis Island and identify whether they were allowed in or what happened to their status once they reached the island? I beelvie this will have more of an impact on them then just reading from a textbook.
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Module Id: 1128
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Title: War Effort
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would have students design their own war propaganda posters for rationing, to help soldiers abroad with support in not driving, saving gas, saving by not using meant, sugar, etc. I would have them encourage the women at home making posters that say the woman at home is the soldier of the house. They need to understand the amount of "convincing" that went into advertising to make sure the American people supported the war.
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Module Id: 1108
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Title: Housiung
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would give students houses to build. Some houses would have materials such as glue, others would have nothing other than the sticks to build them with. I would have the students build the houses and then we would like at the materials that they had to work with. Did faster construction mean better construction? Did easier construction mean better construction? Did construction that went up slower such as stone and mortar last longer than construction that came in kits. I want students to know that although some ways took longer, it does mean that some sacrifices in quality had to be made. We would test our theories in construction by subjecting them to a series of tests using fans for wind, squirt bottles for water.
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Module Id: 953
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Title: Compare and Contrasting a Way of Life
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would have students engage in a compare and contrast between wartime Europe especially Germany and Italy and the United States. The students would look at the two or three areas and see the vast differences between the areas and then realize the inequities that were experienced. I would also have the students take a look a the one-upping that was occurring between the United States and the Soviet Union. They need to understand what happened when we came that close to another war.
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Module Id: 1093
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Title: Working at the Factory
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would like to do a Factory Activity with the kids. They would have to pick their role: boss, manager, worker, child, woman. Each role has its limitations. The point of the game is staple papers that are 5 in a packet. The assembly line would be consisted of whoever the workers were and they would be given a candle to work by. The candle would be electric. The boss would have certain directives he would such as the workers have to produce 15 packets ion 10 minutes. The manager would tell the workers that they had to put one arm behind their back because they lost it in an accident. Now that person would have to put one arm behind their back. It would show how difficult it would be to continue with a workplace injury. The students would have all sorts of different scenarios and see the obstacles that workers were presented with.
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Module Id: 950
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Title: Growing America
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would start with early 1800 maps of a particular area, most likely in the mid to upper North. I would want the students to see the remarkable changes decade after decade and compare what the land looked like after each new wave of technology hit. The students would be able to see the early roads, usually nothing more than old trails, then the building of more solid, sustainable roads, to railroads and the development of more populous areas. This comparison would give them the idea of how one simple machine could lead to a quadrupling of the population of a nation.
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Module Id: 952
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Title: The Evolution of the Dress
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would like to a comparison of dress from the start of the colonies to where we are today. I think it would be such an interesting comparison and contrast to see what has changed over the decades and how the politics of the time definitely influenced the clothing,
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Module Id: 1075
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Title: Technology in the Making
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
Students will be able to see the connections through classroom technology of how we went through stenographies to possibly hand filmstrips to electronic filmstrips to overhead projectors, Elmos, LCD projectors, SMART TV's Smart Screens, and other devices. Each student would take one device and research its beginning and how it contributed to informing a new generation of what was in the world around them. The equitable approach to education in the classroom using technology helped connect the students to what they otherwise might not have been able to experience and I would want students to be able to see that.
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Module Id: 1047
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Title: Connections to each other
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would have students explore the paths of the spreading of the mail system from its first introduction of the Pony Express to the carriers of the wagon train and railroads. I think students would be very interested to see how the spread of ideas and information took so long to get to one place from another as compared to today. I would like for them to see how information changed from receiving it days to weeks vs. instantly. Could there have been prevented in the Civil war if there had been instant communications? I would like for them to participate in a prediction activity.
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Module Id: 1021
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Title: War Outfits Past to Present
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would like for students to be able to take a look at Civil war uniforms to see the difference between them and the uniforms of today. What is different about the insignias? Do uniforms have different weights of materials? More tailored, decorations, are they better constructed and why? If students see the differences between the types of uniforms, they will be able to see the way has history has met the demands of soldiers in wartime eras.
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Module Id: 1002
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