Analyzing Objects

Porcelain

Musket Ball

Smallpox

Nail

Reaper

Shirtwaist

Transistor

Coffee

Record

Tire

Dishwasher

Dress

Stereograph

Stone

Mail

Shoe

Question 1:
Historical thinking is examining objects and accounts from a time period in order to gain an understanding of the time.
Question 2:
Objects can be used to develop questions about the historical time period. This will lead you to research the time in order to come up with answers.
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Question 1:
Looking at this photo I see a large amount of used tires that are piled up outside of a building. Some of them look more worn than others and they look like different types of tires as well.
Question 2:
This could be a pile of tires that have been donated during wartime. During war people would donate used items that could be re-purposed for the war effort.
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Question 1:
I notice that the tin is pretty well worn with scratches all over it and possible rust or mud on the one side.
Question 2: This could be a coffee tin that a soldier was given while at war.
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Question 1:
The first thing that I notice is that the dress goes all the way down to her ankles. This initially leads me to think that this will be before the roaring 20's. The material looks like its a heavier material even though it looks like a nice day. I also noticed the sash that is attached to her dress. It is hard to make out everything but it appears to be a sash for Women's Suffrage.
Question 2:
I am guessing that the dress is being worn by a suffragette, so this would be during the woman's suffrage movement. Women continually worked for the right to vote and did not get that right until the 19th amendment was passed.
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Question 1:
What I notice from the photograph is a label for a record. This was made by Victor Records and it also states at the bottom that is is from Victor Talking Machine Co. in New Jersey.
Question 2:
How this might connect to broader themes is that at the time this is a new invention/technology. Edison started it with the phonograph and it developed to the record player. You can now listen to music at your leisure in your house with one of these machines.
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Question 1:
What I notice about this object is that it is a tea cup and saucer. It appears to have a fancy design on it and you can see items in the background that have the same design, so they are from a larger set of fine wares.
Question 2:
The two things that come to mind on how this relates to American history is that this tea set could have been made in Japan. How that relates to American history is that during a time after World War 2 the United States occupied Japan and items made at that time were labeled made in occupied Japan. The other idea is that it is relating to the Boston Tea Party where colonists dumped British tea into the harbor.
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Question 1:
I notice the door down on an object that appears to be an early dishwasher. It looks like it has two levels for placing items on to get cleaned. The photo is clearly taken in a kitchen, you can see a sink and possibly a coffee maker or blender on the counter.
Question 2:
This object would connect with the development of labor saving devices. These inventions helped the women to get their daily house work done at a much faster rate. This also helped those women that were entering the workforce. They could now work and not have to spend as much time with the demands of the home.
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Question 1:
What I notice about this picture is that there are three objects that appear to be on a surface. They are in a narrow strip where a light is being shown on them so they are casting shadows along the surface as well. All three of the objects are shaped differently.
Question 2:
When I first look at this I think of the moon and space. These objects could be items that were placed on the moon and the sun is shining on them casting the shadows of the objects.
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Question 1:
I notice a pair of shoes that look like they have been worn a lot. They are definitely shoes that were hand crafted from a time ago in history.
Question 2:
The shoes in the picture could be shoes that were worn by a soldier during the Civil War. Soldiers were wearing out their shoes by all the marching they were having to do. At times soldiers would have to move on without shoes because theirs were falling apart or possibly they didn't have a pair.
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Question 1:
Historical thinking is when you investigate something further and question interpretive arguments. You will analyze sources and take in multiple perspectives in order to come to a conclusion.
Question 2:
Objects can be used to help make observations about the topic. These objects can lead you to come up with solutions to your questions. However objects could lead you to develop further questions that you had not initially thought of.
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Question 1:
The tires that are piled up in the photo are tires that are going to be used in the war effort. During WW2 citizens donated tires to help with the war effort.
Question 2:
What is the message the poster is trying to give? How does the poster relate to what is going on in the US/World at that time? Who is the audience the poster is targeting?
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Question 1:
The instant coffee that is pictured would be a small tin that was included in a soldiers food rations. This allowed the soldiers to carry it with them as they moved along the lines and enabled them to have a cup of coffee during down time.
Question 2:
Unless you have prior knowledge of what women's roles were before you may not pick up how the roles have changed. The advertising that was shown in the module focused on food and women reducing the time needed for preparing a meal. You don't get any insight on how this extra time impacts women. What are they doing with the extra time? Is this one thing that led women to re-enter the workforce and leave the home?
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Question 1:
The dress connects with history because it is being worn by a suffragette. Women would wear white dresses similar to this one during the women's suffrage movement.
Question 2:
I would want to examine more information on some of the leading women of the woman's suffrage movement. Gaining a little bit more knowledge on who these ladies were would be nice. Were all or most of the women that were leading the movement from a wealthier background or was there poorer ladies heavily involved as well? I would like to examine some more information like this.
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Question 1:
The song Young America definitely relates to life in the 1880's - 1930's with immigration. So many people were coming to America at that time from many different places. The song connections is that those coming here may not have the same background but here everyone can become one as Americans.
Question 2:
We briefly discussed the push and pull factors that caused these immigrants to come to America. Sources could be used to tell exactly what was going on in certain countries during this time period. Which ones had oppressive governments and how were they oppressing the people. Other sources that would be helpful would be to examine exactly what it was like to go through Ellis island. Everyone didn't have the same experience going through there, why were some being detained or sent back?
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Question 1:
The porcelain shown here represents some of the finer things of the time. While British were able to experience some of the finer things many Americans did not. The tea cup is a fitting picture because of the Boston Tea Party where American colonists protested against taxes Britain had placed on the colonies. This incident was one that led to war breaking out between the two countries.
Question 2:
I would want to know if there were other issues the colonists were having with the mother country besides all the taxes Great Britain was issuing. What kind of impact did the Boston Massacre have in leading towards the war.
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Question 1:
The dishwasher connection in the 20th century is that it is a labor saving device. The use of labor saving devices increased as time went on, this allowed women to have the ability to work and maintain the home at the same time. During the war this was extremely helpful with so many men leaving for war and women taking their spots in the different industries. After the war women went back home for a time but later rejoined the workforce.
Question 2:
One thing that I was not aware of was that American leaders and Soviet leaders were meeting at various locations such as the expo in Russia. When you think of the cold war you think of the US and USSR battling it out in the arms race and space race. So I found the entire exchange between Nixon and Khrushchev to be very interesting. Khrushchev appeared as if the Americans were wasting their time developing labor saving devices such as the dishwasher and items like the color television. If only he could see how society ran today.
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Question 1:
The transistor was an innovation that led to the technological boom that the world has had. The transistor was able to replace the large bulky tubes that were used in various technology like the radio and computer. With the transistor being smaller these invention began to be made smaller and more practical.
Question 2:
Some of the questions I would want my students asking themselves when examining patents are as follows. What is the item that is being patented? When was this items being patented? What was the item going to be used for? Was this item an important invention? How did this item change the way things are done today?
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Question 1:
The shoes that are pictured here are shoes that would have been worn by a soldier during the American Civil War. Shoes would be worn by soldiers marching all of the country and would get worn at a much quicker rate causing the government to come with more shoes for the soldiers to wear.
Question 2:
One resource that I can think of that could be added to the module, is currency from that time period. In the module it talks about how the government had to generate money in order to pay for all the supplies it needed for the army. Having a picture of the money that was actually being used then would be a good addition. That would also allow us to compare money from that time period to money that we use now. Another items that could go along with this is a picture of a bond that was used to generate money back then.
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Title: Analyzing Objects Classroom Connections
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
I would use the information learned in this module to help make my students better historical thinkers. Before giving the students an object to observe I would guide them on how they should be looking at objects. I would tell them that they need to consider and answer questions such as these: What is the object? What does it look like and fell like? What was it used for? How was it created? Does it have any unique features or designs? What can the object tell us about life at during that time period? The questions that they will be asking themselves about the object will completely depend on what type of object they are given to analyze. When given a photograph of an object I wouldn't expect them to tell how it feels.

After i feel like they have a good grasp on what they should be asking themselves i would have them complete an I see, I think and I wonder chart. This is a good way for them to organize their thoughts. They will be able to jot down answers to their observation questions as well as add their hypothesis on the object using what they already know and have observed. In the last column they can organize any questions they still have or any new questions that have come to mind during the the time they are analyzing the object.

I believe that embedding primary sources in the lesson is helpful for the students to gain a better understanding of what some aspects of life was like at the time period being studied. Unfortunately I don't use a lot of hands on artifacts that I can pass around for my students to physically touch. I do use a lot of photographs, political cartoons and videos clips about what is being studied. This lets the students see first hand some of the items that I talk about during the lesson.
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Title: Tires
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
One thing that I would do to engage my students about this content is display a variety of posters for the students to view and analyze. If I am unable to get copies of these to hang around my room I would show a variety of them electronically on the board. I would allow the students some time to view them and determine why the poster was created and what is the message it is trying to get to the people.
The ration book is another good item to display. If obtaining one was possible I would have the on display for the students to view and possibly pass around. If it is not possible to get one then I would find some photos of rations books and tickets and display those on the board for the students to see.
These sources are a good way to hook the students curiosity to find out more information about the items. Once they are interested then I would go ahead and provide them with the understanding of how these items were used during the 1940s.
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Title: Instant Food
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
Showing the students advertisements from the time promoting these new canned/instant food is a good way to begin student engagement on this subject. One thing that would have to be talked about with the students is that prepared meals today are being made with items that have been prepackaged to make the cooking process faster and easier than it once was. The amount of time needed to cook a meal has been shortened because of this. There are people that make most of their meals from scratch and take some time cooking, but more than likely at some point in their process they are utilizing something that has sped up the cooking.
A great object that can be brought in to display to the students is a K-ration or another type of ration pack. Students would be able to examine what makes up these ration packs and see just how it works. If it is possible to have several that can be made the students could even sample the food that is contained in these packs. They could then discuss their opinions of sampling the different items and what advantages people would have by using these packs.
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Title: Women's suffrage
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
One item that I have found that draws the students interest with the women's suffrage movement is showing the school house rock video "sufferin till suffrage". The students really enjoy watching this and the song is catchy so they usually ask to watch it multiple times. Aside from that I have found that showing some political cartoon about woman's suffrage is always helpful. Showing the different views that people had at the time ( some were for the woman's voting rights and others were against it). It is always good to clarify that all men were not against women getting the right to vote. I would emphasize that women had been working on gaining the right to vote for a long time and that before the 19th amendment was passed there were some locations where women were allowed to vote. Explaining to the students what the roles of women had been at the time is also important to help them understand just how vital it was for women to get the right to vote and the changes that this may bring about.
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Title: Immigration
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
A way to draw the students interest on the topic of immigration is to have them take a virtual tour of Ellis island. They can explore all of the different stops an immigrant would have to go through in order to pass through the inspection station. The students can learn about the entire process and some of the reasons people would get detained at Ellis island or sent back to the country they came from. Once you have the students hooked on immigration you would want to explain to them why these people were coming to the United States. There are several reasons why the people were leaving their country and several reasons why America was the destination they chose. Another activity that could be used to draw the students in would be to have them write about what would cause them to leave their country for another. They could explain where they would go and why they decided to go there. A couple other things to consider would what kind of impact did immigration have on cities and the industries that were booming in the US at that time.
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Title: Taxes
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
A way that I would get the students to engage in this topic is hold a debate. The class could be split into two groups, one representing the British Parliament and the second being colonial representatives. Students would be given time to research and make notes on the position they are going to fight for on the different taxes Great Britain is imposing on the colonies. Once it is time for the debate have the two opposing sides face one another and begin a civil debate about the taxes that are being put into place. After the debate come back as a class to discuss if anyone's original opinions had been changed through the debate. Talk about what changes would have been made (if any) had the colonists been given representation in Parliament.
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Title: Labor saving devices/cold war
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
I would begin by having the students make a list of all of the devices they have in their kitchen (this can be expanded to the entire home, but I would focus just on the kitchen). I would then have the students share what they wrote while I compiled a list of these items on the board. After the list is created go through it and talk to the students about what the item did and what life was like before it was invented. The prime example is the dishwasher, yes there are still some people that do wash some items by hand. But most of the dishes people use end up in the dishwasher to be cleaned saving large amounts of time. Talk to the students about what it would be like if they didn't have a dishwasher and had to wash and dry all of the dishes by hand. What would there evening after dinner look like compared to what it is now. I would then talk to the students about how these labor saving devices greatly changed the lives of women. They now had vast amounts of time that was once spent completing various chores around the house. This led to a shift in women going back to the workforce and later down the road their struggle/fight for equality.
The second focus in this module was the cold war. The emphasis on the cold war is the struggle between the United States and Soviet Union with the arms race and space race along with some wars/crisis's where the two sides never actually fight one another. This module showed that the fight/competition between the two didn't stop there. They were also battling one another with other forms of technology as well. The Soviets felt that the Americans were wasting their time with some of these labor saving devices and therefore the Soviets were superior because they were focused on more useful technology.
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Module Id: 1093
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Title: Computers
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
How I would get students engaged with the content from this module would be to show them a timeline of technology. Possibly focusing on computers by starting out with a picture of the first computer ENIAC. Students today don't realize just how big the first computer actually was. They are so use to technology of today such as tablets, Chromebooks and their phones that they don't realize that before these small items were possible we had to endure much larger forms of technology. We would travel through the timeline discussing as well as looking at just how the size and advancements came about until we get to today.
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Title: Civil War Shoes
Grade Level: Middle
Short Answer:
This module works well when talking about the Civil War. I would explain to my students what the government was like at the time and how citizens viewed the government (telling them that the government did not have the power that it does today). In the course of the lesson I would explain how the governments role began to change due to the Civil War. Showing them a picture of the shoes is a great way to engage them. Shoes are something that today we may look over but back then they were vital for the war effort. There was no mass production of items such as shoes and it was up to the government to procure them as well as pay for them. This is money that the government did not have and needed to generate as the war continued. I would also explain to them that while many Northern soldiers did have shoes to wear there were southerners that did not and would have to march and fight without shoes and how that would effect their feet.
I think I would also use posters of bonds that were being sold as well as authentic money from the time period. These would be two other items that could draw them into the lesson especially if you had the money on hand and were able to pass it around the room so the students can examine it more closely.
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