Analyzing Objects

Porcelain

Musket Ball

Smallpox

Nail

Reaper

Shirtwaist

Transistor

Coffee

Record

Tire

Dishwasher

Dress

Stereograph

Stone

Mail

Shoe

Question 1:
Historical thinking is looking at an event, person, or location and figuring out how it has effected the world around it. What makes something historical? Was it important to that moment or did it change the course of history. You have to be able to appreciate an item beyond it's surface level.
Question 2:
Objects help to put thinkers (or students) in the proper mindset. For example, something as simple as looking at a corded phone will help the students to be transported back to a time where communication was not as easy or accessible. This then allows them to think through the situation as people then would have. It can be used as a way to transport students through time.
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Question 1: Most obviously I notice that this musket ball looks old. small, and used.
Question 2:
I think there's a couple things about this that can connect to American history. For one, you can easily see that this musket looks very different from today's bullets, so you could use it to make a point about military technology development. Additionally, you could use it to show how important war time nursing wise, because the size of the injury caused by a musket ball would be pretty intense.
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Question 1: They vary in sizes, are old and rusted, vary in bluntness.
Question 2: I'm not really sure to be honest. Maybe the railroad?
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Question 1:
It's a coffee can, which is a familiar item, but it is smaller and made of metal which is different than normal.
Question 2:
After the nail, who knows any more! It makes me think about the coffee trade in the Ancient Middle East- so maybe something about trade??
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Question 1: Looks like a generally 'normal' shirt, emphasizing a tiny waist.
Question 2:
How people dressed had to do with what type of cloth was available. Cotton plantations made cotton more accessible, same with the cotton gin and other advancements with the loom, etc.
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Question 1:
I notice that it's a combination of wood and medal (maybe?). It looks much newer than the other things we have looked at
Question 2: I think it will connect to the entertainment industry and maybe Hollywood
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Question 1:
It mentions the Confederate States of America, which dates it. It was free to send, which is a change to modern day
Question 2: Mail could hint at the development of the post office
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Question 1:
I like that it calls it a "talking machine", which makes me think that this is fairly old. Than the traditional picture of the dog and the machine.
Question 2:
Maybe leading to the development of Hollywood or at least the United States' entertainment industry.
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Question 1:
In addition to my hypothesis, I would add that historical thinking is also about making sure you understand all parts of a source. Who wrote it, when, why, to who? All of these things can influence what a source is trying to say (beyond what is simply stated).
Question 2:
Objects can be used to guide historical thinking. How certain objects are used today vs. used historically can change. A student would have to think about the time period specifically to really understand an object.
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Question 1:
It can be used to explain why armies used the military tactics that they did. For example, standing in lines to fight. Often students will talk about how that seems like a really stupid idea, but using this musket ball to introduce the weaponry of the time could help clarify why it was actually the most successful way. It would also help to make the point that the colonies really had no business winning the Revolution, and it wasn't necessarily guerrilla tactics that led to the victory.
Question 2:
There are a lot of letters from colonists that could show the doubt and fear that they had going into the war, as well as newspaper articles from places other than the US to help show the doubt that everyone had in the colonist's effort. Additionally, so many colonists saw themselves as British that the respect for the English military was still in place in their minds. I'm sure there are primary sources out there that indicate that as well.
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Question 1:
Now I think the most obvious connection is architecture. The log cabin is a staple of American folklore, but why was it so popular? Why are so many older houses styled in the same way? The story of the nail answers all of that.
Question 2:
The nail helps to explain the boom that happened to the numbers moving out west. How could people afford to move out there. Before the explanation had always been 'the desire for adventure!' but really the answer rests with mass production of nails and cookie-cutter Sears homes.
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Question 1:
Since the second question focuses on women I will focus on war rations for this question. The instant coffee represents how the US industries can really come together in time of war. We massively improved on our wartime rations and became the envy of every country's army. The extra rations created to prep for the Asian side of the war shows how no one was anticipating the war ending as quickly as it did.
Question 2:
The early 20th century was an interesting time for women in America. Twice they went from being the leaders of industries and household and back to traditional family mother roles like nothing happened. Post-WWII brought a time where the expectations of women were to be 'perfect'. They still needed to earn money to 'keep up with the Jones' but had to take care of the entire home, too. So when you analyze advertisement during this time you will always see the women presented as the 'perfect housewife' but in actuality you were looking at Rosie the Riveter in a apron.
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Question 1:
Since the second question focuses on women I will focus on war rations for this question. The instant coffee represents how the US industries can really come together in time of war. We massively improved on our wartime rations and became the envy of every country's army. The extra rations created to prep for the Asian side of the war shows how no one was anticipating the war ending as quickly as it did.
Question 2:
The early 20th century was an interesting time for women in America. Twice they went from being the leaders of industries and household and back to traditional family mother roles like nothing happened. Post-WWII brought a time where the expectations of women were to be 'perfect'. They still needed to earn money to 'keep up with the Jones' but had to take care of the entire home, too. So when you analyze advertisement during this time you will always see the women presented as the 'perfect housewife' but in actuality you were looking at Rosie the Riveter in an apron. Advertisement was what men wanted, not really what was happening in the households
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Question 1:
The process that created the shirtwaist leads us to the creation and economic popularity of the factory system. Which then leads to workers rights and back to the ingrained concept of individual rights and freedoms in the United States
Question 2:
I think bringing up the other organizations involved (for example, railroads). Something that leads the students to thinking about how large scale the workers' rights movement was.
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Question 1:
The stereoscope showed the growth of 'keeping up with the Joneses'. It created a form of entertainment that was accessible to everyone, but popular with the rich (which made everyone want it). It led the way to better photography, education, and movies/entertainment.
Question 2:
I think it's really easy to relate this to the recent 'VR' trend. The photo even looks a little like the VR headsets. Along with the 3D movie craze that has surged in and out of entertainment over the last several years. It could make an interesting timeline where the kids could see that entertainment cycles based on 'new' and nostalgia.
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Question 1:
This mail shows how the country was simultaneously connected and split. We now have the ability to semi-quickly contact each other, but with freedom for some came the conflicts for others. The slavery conflict was more important than ever.
Question 2:
I had never thought about the role of mail in abolitionist efforts. This allowed the national government to become part of the movement without ever meaning to... and then subsequently hindering the abolitionist efforts after fire-based conflicts.
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Question 1:
I think the song connects to larger themes by defining what it is to be 'American'. With increased immigration the make-up of the United States was changing and what the youth of American looked and sounded like was different.
Question 2:
I'm sure there are first hand accounts available of the journey to the US as well as what Ellis Island was like. Additionally, more first hand accounts of what working as a child was like before labor laws (or working in general before labor laws). In summary- more first hand accounts. Journals, newspaper articles, etc.
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Title: Kayla Allen- Classroom Connections
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
Since this is something that our standards expect of us, it is really easy to incorporate these skills into the classroom. I think to begin we would have a lesson about primary v secondary sources, and how to asses validity. Then we could go through a collection of sources about one event and in groups they could figure out the 'truest' version of the story. I think it could be fun for the students to decide what the 'truth' is and then compare what each group got. They would have to defend why they decided on their version of the truth based on the interpretation of the sources.
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Title: Musket Ball- Weapons and Formations
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
Students are always interested in the weaponry of the time. I think this would be specifically useful to show the students why the military used the shoulder-to-shoulder tactic.

I think I would start the class with this question: In World History I we talk about the Spartan's use of the Phalanx in war, which is shoulder to shoulder, shield to shield fighting. So why was this same theory of fighting still being used 1,000 years later in the Revolutionary War?

They could then look over primary source material about the success rates of American Guerrilla warfare, the lack of military training that the colonies had vs. what the British had, the weaponry of the time (including videos and musket balls), and whatever else could be found. I think I would have the students work through the primary sources as a group with some sort of worksheet to assist in their analysis, and then answer the my overall question by themselves.

I think the students would enjoy the deep dive into weaponry while also really analyzing why military tactics hadn't changed much. I also think this would end in a couple different answers while also helping them understand the larger concept of Colonial warfare.
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Title: Nail- Westward Expansion
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
Honestly, I was pretty interested in this topic because when they first put the nail out there I really couldn't figure out where they were going with it.

I think I would use that same sense of confusion to get the students talking. I would start with the nails and brainstorm with the class first the purpose of nails, and then how it could have shaped western expansion. As the discussion continues I would introduce the concept of the mass production of nails, home styles and the middle class.

In this class discussion I would have a series of 'turn and talks' before bringing it to the class as a whole. This way each student is getting to participate.

I think using a nail as a starting point would be really interesting because the students would have a conversation about how something so small could end up shaping our country so much. Can we blame the mass killing of the buffalo on the mass production of nails?!

I think it's cool. I'm sure I could get at least some nerdy kids to buy in with me.
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Title: Coffee: A Woman's Journey
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I definitely like the women's history part of this primary source. This made me think about using advertisements as sources to help the students see what was happening in the home during the early 20th century.

I would start by asking what an 'ideal' woman looks like. What characteristics does the girl that you take home to your mother have? I would ask each student to come up with a list of ten things on their own, and then we would compile a class list. Looking at the list, I would ask the class to question the ones that we found 'unrealistic'. What things does society put on women versus what women are actually.

Then I would introduce modern commercials for cleaning products. (I'm not sure if I'm allowed to post links on here.. but I would find a commercial where the mother is perfectly cleaning the house while looking nice and the children all play peacefully in the background :) ) I would ask the kids if they have ever lived that situation. When they clean their house is everything perfect and glowing?

Then I would introduce an ad like one shown in these examples. How are they portrayed? What does instant food look like here? Then in comparison we could talk about how that probably wasn't what life was like for women or families even back then.

Then we would look at some war-time propaganda of what women were supposed to be doing during the war and compare to what life was like after the war.

What was so 'wrong' with instant food/coffee? Why did women go from strong and tough to sparkling and clean? How does advertising shape the American ideal?

In certain classes we would do a lot of individual, think-pair-share stuff along the way, but ideally it would be an open class discussion with some writing portions in between.
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Title: Labor Unions and Jobs Today
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I think I would open this lesson talking about jobs. First, I would as the students: What are the three most important jobs in our community? What do we need? I assume they would list some things like doctors or police officers, but would most likely leave out Actors and Sports Stars. We would talk about why different jobs are paid differently. Is a lawyer more important to society than a teacher? Should they be paid equally? This would lead to talking about the concept of the boss vs worker (I would probably say.. who does more work in this classroom, me or you? To help them get the worker/boss vibe I'm going for). Then we would talk about organization and numbers (there are more students than teachers, etc).... As I type this you may want to make sure you aren't inspiring a full scale student rebellion with this lesson. Know your audience I suppose.

Then I would break them into groups and ask them to research current issues that labor unions fight for. How are they similar to the issues facing workers in the early 1900s, how are they different.

Each group would select a different labor union/work area to focus on and present to the class.

To close out we would discuss the overall similarities across time/jobs/location.

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Title: Video Killed the Radio Star
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I think I would use this information to get the kids talking about how the entertainment industry 'kills' things.

This could go in a couple different directions. We could talk about the the stereoscope and movies, libraries and the internet, books and TV. There's a lot of different directions the kids could take with it.

The students could create a timeline that showed the height of entertainment during each decade of the 1900s.

I think they would like to see how the entertainment industry changes so much and somehow not at all.
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Title: Mail that unifies and tears apart
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I would use these primary sources to make the students think about how access to information has changed so much.

Using mail in the abolitionist movement was the first vast spread of information for the people of the US.

I would ask the students to look into the spread of information today (on whatever topic they choose) and then look into laws/suggestions of internet control.

They would then compare the fire and choice to stop spreading abolitionist movements to internet control policies. I think I would have the end product be a short essay for this topic since there needs to be a thought-out comparison. They could then share their findings with the class. Or... over the internet! Full circle.
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Title: What is an American?
Grade Level: High
Short Answer:
I think with today's discussions of immigration I think that it would be interesting to get the kids point of view for what an American is.

I think I would run this class like a Socratic seminar. What is an American?

We would first journal about it and then I would have them get into groups so each group could come up with their definition of what an American is. Then bring it back to the whole class and discuss.

This could lead us into talking about how people felt about immigration in the late 1800s/early 1900s and how it was those immigrants, and that time, that really helped to shape what an American is.

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